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Showing posts with label ictf6. Show all posts
Showing posts with label ictf6. Show all posts

Tuesday, 31 July 2012

The ethical and social issues in cyberspace of ICT and multimedia: privacy, obscenity, defamation, Internet and information security, Internet and computer crime.

Defamation

Defamation is a false statement related to someone's reputation published with fault, often as a result of malice or negligence. Defamation is defined under state law, so the considerations related to defamation will vary in every state. Slander is spoken defamation; libel is written defamation. In the context of the Internet, libel is the applicable cause of action, as statements published on the internet are similar to written defamation. Although statements on YouTube and other services are spoken, the online publication of these statements renders them more similar to defamation than libel.


Obscenity

An obscenity is any statement or act which strongly offends the prevalent morality of the time.The definition of what constitutes obscenity differs from culture to culture, between communities within a single culture, and also between individuals within those communities. Many cultures have produced laws to define what is considered to be obscene, and censorship is often used to try to suppress or control materials that are obscene under these definitions. In a legal context, the term obscenity is most often used to describe expressions (words, images, actions) of an explicitly sexual nature. As such censorship restricts freedom of expression, crafting a legal definition of obscenity presents a civil liberties issue.


Privacy
Privacy is the ability of an individual or group to seclude themselves or information about themselves and thereby reveal themselves selectively. The boundaries and content of what is considered private differ among cultures and individuals, but share basic common themes. Privacy is sometimes related to anonymity, the wish to remain unnoticed or unidentified in the public realm. When something is private to a person, it usually means there is something within them that is considered inherently special or personally sensitive.




Internet and Information security

Information security means protecting information and information systems from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification, perusal, inspection, recording or destruction.
The terms information security, computer security and information assurance are frequently used interchangeably. These fields are interrelated often and share the common goals of protecting the confidentiality, integrity and availability of information; however, there are some subtle differences between them.




Internet and computer crime

Computer crime refers to any crime that involves a computer and a network.The computer may have been used in the commission of a crime, or it may be the target. Netcrime refers to criminal exploitation of the Internet. Cybercrimes are defined as: "Offences that are committed against individuals or groups of individuals with a criminal motive to intentionally harm the reputation of the victim or cause physical or mental harm to the victim directly or indirectly, using modern telecommunication networks such as Internet (Chat rooms, emails, notice boards and groups) and mobile phones (SMS/MMS)". Such crimes may threaten a nation’s security and financial health. Issues surrounding this type of crime have become high-profile, particularly those surrounding cracking, copyright infringement, child pornography, and child grooming. There are also problems of privacy when confidential information is lost or intercepted, lawfully or otherwise.

Translate into BM :

Saturday, 28 July 2012

The purpose of acts that govern the usage of ICT and multimedia in Malaysia: Communication and Multimedia Act 1998, Computer Crimes Act 1997, Telemedicine Act 1997 and Digital Signature Act 1997;

CYBERLAWS 

The following is only a brief description of the Cyberlaws enacted to-date as part of the initiative to take Malaysia into the e-World. The hyperlinks below will lead you to off-site resources for more detailed information, the accuracy of which is not vouched for by the NITC.

Digital Signature Act 1997
(http://www.agc.gov.my/agc/Akta/Vol.%2012/Act%20562.pdf)
Why the Act exists
Transactions conducted via the Internet are increasing. As identities in cyberspace can be falsified and messages tampered with, there is a need for transacting parties to ascertain each other's identity and the integrity of the messages, thereby removing doubt and the possibility of fraud when conducting transactions online.
What the Act is about
The Act mainly provides for the licensing and regulation of Certification Authorities (CA). CAs issue Digital Signatures and will certify the identity (within certain limits) of a signor by issuing a certificate. The Act also makes a digital signature as legally valid and enforceable as a traditional signature. The Digital Signature Act was brought into force on 1st October 1998.

Computer Crime Act 1997
(http://www.agc.gov.my/agc/Akta/Vol.%2012/Act%20563.pdf)
Why the Act exists:
As computing becomes more central to people's life and work, computers become both targets and tools of crime. This Act serves to ensure that misuse of computers is an offense.
What the Act is about
The Act makes it an offense to:
1. Enter or attempt to enter into computers and computer systems without authorization
2. Damage or alter data/information in computers or computer systems by planting viruses or other means
3. Aid people in doing items 1 & 2
4. Give passwords to people who are not authorized to receive it
The Computer Crimes Act was brought into force on 1st June 2000.

Telemedicine Act 1997
(http://www.agc.gov.my/agc/Akta/Vol.%2012/Act%20564.pdf)
Why the Act exists
Healthcare systems and providers around the world are becoming interconnected. People and local healthcare providers can thus source quality healthcare advice and consultation from specialists from around the world, independent of geographical location. Conversely, interconnectivity also allows for non-quality healthcare advice and consultation from around the world. The Act serves to regulate the practice of teleconsultations in the medical profession.

What the Act is about
The Act provides that any registered doctor may practise "telemedicine" but other healthcare providers (such as a medical assistant, nurse or midwife) must first obtain a license to do so.

The Copyright (Amendment) Act 1997
(http://www.agc.gov.my/agc/Akta/Vol.%207/Act%20332.pdf)
Why the Act exists
Copyright serves to protect the expression of thoughts and ideas from unauthorized copying and/or alteration. With the convergence of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), creative expression is now being captured and communicated in new forms (example: multimedia products, broadcast of movies over the Internet and cable TV). These new forms need protection.

What the Amendment Act is about
The Copyright (Amendment) Act amends the Copyright Act 1987 to extend copyright law to the new and converged multimedia environment. There is now clear protection accorded to multimedia works. The transmission of copyright works over the Internet now clearly amounts to infringement. Technological methods of ensuring works and authorship info are not altered or removed is also protected. The Copyright (Amendment) Act 1997 was brought into force on 1st April 1999.

The Communications and Multimedia Act 1998
(http://www.agc.gov.my/agc/Akta/Vol.%2012/Act%20588.pdf)
Why the Act exists
Convergence of technologies is also resulting in the convergence of the following industries: telecommunications, broadcasting, computing and content. Previously, each of these industries was regulated by several different pieces of legislation (example: the Telecommunications Act 1950 and the Broadcasting Act 1988). The old regulatory framework cannot cope with convergence and inhibits the growth of the new converged industry.

What the Act is about
The CMA provides for a restructuring of the converged ICT industry. It creates a new system of licenses and defines the roles and responsibilities of those providing communication and multimedia services. Though intended to allow the converged ICT industry to be self-regulating, the Act also provides for the existence of the Communication and Multimedia Commission (the roles and powers of which are more clearly defined by the Communications and Multimedia Commission Act 1998) as a new regulatory authority to oversee the converged ICT industry. The Communications and Multimedia Act was brought into force on 1st April 1999.

The Electronic Government Activities Act 2007
(http://www.mampu.gov.my/mampu/pdf/aktaegaabi.pdf)
To facilitate the electronic delivery of government services to the public.

 Reference :
http://nitc.mosti.gov.my/portalnitc/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=145:cyberlaws-in-malaysia&catid=2:national-ict-policies&Itemid=109