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Showing posts with label Programming. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Programming. Show all posts
Saturday, 13 February 2016
Sunday, 19 January 2014
Tuesday, 19 June 2012
Programming Language
Different programming languages support different styles of programming (called programming paradigms). The choice of language used is subject to many considerations, such as company policy, suitability to task, availability of third-party packages, or individual preference. Ideally, the programming language best suited for the task at hand will be selected.
Trade-offs from this ideal involve finding enough programmers who know the language to build a team, the availability of compilers for that language, and the efficiency with which programs written in a given language execute.
Languages form an approximate spectrum from "low-level" to "high-level"; "low-level" languages are typically more machine-oriented and faster to execute, whereas "high-level" languages are more abstract and easier to use but execute less quickly. It is usually easier to code in "high-level" languages than in "low-level" ones.
Allen Downey, in his book How To Think Like A Computer Scientist, writes:
The details look different in different languages, but a few basic instructions appear in just about every language:
Input:
Get data from the keyboard, a file, or some other device.
Output:
Display data on the screen or send data to a file or other device.
Arithmetic:
Perform basic arithmetical operations like addition and multiplication.
Conditional Execution:
Check for certain conditions and execute the appropriate sequence of statements.
Repetition:
Perform some action repeatedly, usually with some variation.
Many computer languages provide a mechanism to call functions provided by libraries such as in a .so. Provided the functions in a library follow the appropriate run time conventions (e.g., method of passing arguments), then these functions may be written in any other language.
Trade-offs from this ideal involve finding enough programmers who know the language to build a team, the availability of compilers for that language, and the efficiency with which programs written in a given language execute.
Languages form an approximate spectrum from "low-level" to "high-level"; "low-level" languages are typically more machine-oriented and faster to execute, whereas "high-level" languages are more abstract and easier to use but execute less quickly. It is usually easier to code in "high-level" languages than in "low-level" ones.
Allen Downey, in his book How To Think Like A Computer Scientist, writes:
The details look different in different languages, but a few basic instructions appear in just about every language:
Input:
Get data from the keyboard, a file, or some other device.
Output:
Display data on the screen or send data to a file or other device.
Arithmetic:
Perform basic arithmetical operations like addition and multiplication.
Conditional Execution:
Check for certain conditions and execute the appropriate sequence of statements.
Repetition:
Perform some action repeatedly, usually with some variation.
Many computer languages provide a mechanism to call functions provided by libraries such as in a .so. Provided the functions in a library follow the appropriate run time conventions (e.g., method of passing arguments), then these functions may be written in any other language.
Saturday, 16 June 2012
Programming Language
Defination
An artificial and formal language that has a limited vocabulary consisting of set of keywords for making up instruction and a set of precise grammar rules
Classification
* Special Purpose :
designed for a particular class of application : SQL data retrieval
designed for a particular class of application : SQL data retrieval
* General Purpose:
can be used to obtain solutions for many different types of problem (machine language, assembly language and high level language)
can be used to obtain solutions for many different types of problem (machine language, assembly language and high level language)
Machine Language
- the only language the processor actually understand
- consist of binary codes: 0 and 1
- Ex: 1101 0001 1000 0101 1000 0110 1111 0001
- each of the lines above corresponds to a specific task to be done by the processor
- programming in machine code is difficult and slow since it is difficult to memorize all the instructions. Mistakes can happen very easily
- Processor dependent and not portable
Assembly Language
- enable machine code to be represented in words and numbers
- example of a program in assembly language:
LOAD A, 9999
LOAD B, 8282
- cannot be processed directly by a computer, must be converted to machine language using assemblers
- easier to understand compared to machine code but still is quite difficult to use
- each instruction corresponds to a specific machine code : lengthy programs
- processor dependent and not portable
High Level Language
- use more English word and numbers - it easier to understand
- the programming structure is problem oriented = does not need to know how the computer actually
execute the instructions
- processor independent - the same code can be run on different processors
- high level languages must be converted into machine code to be executed by the processor.
- example : FORTRAN, COBOL, BASIC, Pascal, Ada, C, C++, Java
Thursday, 14 June 2012
What is PROGRAMMING
Programming is instructing a computer to do something for you with the help of programming language
The role of programming language
Technical - it is means for instructing a computer to perform tasks
Conceptual - it is a framework within which we organize our ideas about things and processes
Programming Language
It is an Artificial and formal language that has a limited vocabulary consisting of a set of keywords for making up instructions and set of precise programming rules
Types of Programming Language
1. Machine Language
2. Assembly Language
3. High Level Language
The role of programming language
Technical - it is means for instructing a computer to perform tasks
Conceptual - it is a framework within which we organize our ideas about things and processes
Programming Language
It is an Artificial and formal language that has a limited vocabulary consisting of a set of keywords for making up instructions and set of precise programming rules
Types of Programming Language
1. Machine Language
2. Assembly Language
3. High Level Language
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